History of Somerville, Texas: From Railroad Roots to Lake Somerville’s Scenic Beauty
Nestled in Burleson County, Texas, Somerville may seem like a quiet small town today, but its history is rich with the kind of transformation that shaped many towns across the American South. From its early days as a vital railroad town to its current status as a haven for outdoor enthusiasts drawn to Lake Somerville, this small Texas town has undergone dramatic changes while maintaining its sense of community and connection to nature.
In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into the history of Somerville, Texas, exploring how it grew from humble beginnings into a town that combines railroad heritage with outdoor recreation. If you’re interested in the historical evolution of this hidden gem, keep reading to discover the milestones that have shaped the town over the years.
1. Founding of Somerville: The Birth of a Railroad Town
The story of Somerville begins with the Santa Fe Railroad. Founded in 1883, Somerville’s growth was directly tied to the establishment of a major railroad junction in the area. The Gulf, Colorado, and Santa Fe Railway constructed a railroad route that connected Galveston to Temple, Texas, and Somerville became a critical rail hub for the movement of goods and passengers. Named after Albert Somerville, a chief engineer of the Santa Fe Railroad, the town quickly became a central player in the local economy, driven by the influx of jobs and commerce from the rail industry.
Somerville was not alone in its railway origins—many towns in Texas saw explosive growth thanks to the arrival of the railroads, which brought commerce, people, and industry to previously undeveloped areas. By the late 19th century, Somerville was a bustling town, with workers and families moving to the area in search of economic opportunities.
Key milestones in Somerville’s early history:
- The establishment of the town in 1883.
- The construction of a large rail yard and repair shops, employing hundreds of workers.
- The creation of residential areas, churches, and businesses to support the growing population.
2. Economic Growth Driven by the Railroad
In its early days, Somerville thrived as a direct result of its position along the Santa Fe Railroad. The town’s railroad yard became one of the largest in the region, serving as a key point for repairing railcars, assembling freight trains, and managing shipments throughout Texas and beyond. This created a booming local economy and provided a steady stream of employment for the town’s residents.
Railroad workers settled in Somerville, bringing with them their families, which prompted the construction of schools, churches, and businesses to cater to the growing community. As the town expanded, it gained a reputation as an important stop on the Santa Fe line, solidifying its place on the map of Texas.
At its peak, Somerville’s rail yard employed hundreds of workers, making it the backbone of the local economy. Railroad operations also spurred the development of other industries, such as agriculture, timber, and local manufacturing, all of which benefitted from easy access to rail transport.
Factors behind Somerville’s early economic growth:
- Jobs created by the railroad industry.
- The development of local businesses and services to meet the needs of the rail workers and their families.
- The town’s strategic location along the Santa Fe line, connecting it to larger cities in Texas.
3. The Impact of the Great Depression on Somerville
The Great Depression of the 1930s affected towns and cities across America, and Somerville was no exception. The demand for rail transport slowed, leading to layoffs at the local rail yard and economic hardship for many families. The town’s economy, which had been heavily dependent on the railroad industry, struggled as fewer trains passed through, and jobs became scarce.
Despite these challenges, the people of Somerville banded together to support each other. Agriculture played a more significant role during this time, with many residents relying on farming and ranching to sustain themselves. The town’s agricultural sector helped soften the blow of the economic downturn, as residents grew crops and raised livestock to meet their basic needs.
While Somerville didn’t escape the hardship of the Great Depression unscathed, it survived thanks to the resilience of its community and the determination to rebuild its economy.
4. World War II and the Post-War Boom
Like many small towns across the United States, World War II brought changes to Somerville. During the war, the town saw an increase in industrial activity to support the war effort, which revitalized its economy. Factories produced goods that were essential to the military, and the demand for rail transport surged as the United States moved supplies and personnel across the country.
After the war, Somerville experienced a period of growth and prosperity. Veterans returning home, along with an economic boom that swept the nation, brought new opportunities to the town. Families expanded, schools grew, and businesses flourished. The post-war era also saw advances in transportation and infrastructure, further connecting Somerville to surrounding areas and boosting its growth.
5. The Decline of Railroad Industry and Economic Shifts
By the mid-20th century, however, the rise of automobiles and trucking as dominant modes of transportation led to the decline of the railroad industry. In Somerville, this shift had a profound impact. As railroads became less important to the movement of goods, the town’s rail yard operations began to shrink, resulting in job losses and a slowdown in the local economy.
The decline of the railroad as Somerville’s economic engine forced the town to find new ways to sustain itself. During this time, Somerville began shifting more towards agriculture and tourism. The town’s proximity to Lake Somerville became increasingly important as outdoor recreation gained popularity, and visitors from across Texas began traveling to the area for fishing, camping, and boating.
6. The Creation of Lake Somerville: A New Era for the Town
One of the most significant events in Somerville’s modern history was the creation of Lake Somerville in the 1960s. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed a dam across Yegua Creek, which led to the formation of the lake as a flood control and water supply project. Lake Somerville not only provided essential water resources but also became a popular destination for outdoor recreation.
The creation of Lake Somerville State Park brought a new chapter to the town’s history. The park, which covers over 12,000 acres of land and water, became a magnet for tourists and nature enthusiasts. Somerville quickly became known as a prime destination for fishing, boating, camping, and hiking, offering visitors access to the scenic beauty of the lake and surrounding woodlands.
The impact of Lake Somerville:
- Increased tourism and outdoor recreation opportunities.
- The development of local businesses, including campgrounds, marinas, and restaurants.
- The transformation of Somerville from a railroad town to a hub for nature lovers and vacationers.
7. Tourism and Outdoor Recreation in the Modern Era
Today, Lake Somerville continues to be one of the town’s greatest assets, attracting visitors from across Texas and beyond. The lake offers year-round opportunities for water sports, wildlife viewing, and relaxation. For many, Somerville has become synonymous with outdoor adventure, making it a popular weekend getaway for families, anglers, and anyone looking to enjoy the natural beauty of central Texas.
Several parks and recreation areas surround the lake, including the Birch Creek and Nails Creek units of Lake Somerville State Park. These parks provide access to over 40 miles of hiking and biking trails, numerous campsites, and boat ramps for easy access to the water. Visitors can enjoy kayaking, swimming, and bird watching, all while surrounded by the rolling hills and scenic landscapes that make Somerville special.
Key activities around Lake Somerville:
- Boating and fishing on the lake.
- Camping and RVing at state park facilities.
- Exploring hiking and biking trails, including the Somerville Trailway.
- Bird watching and wildlife photography.
8. Somerville’s Railroad Heritage Today
Although the railroad industry is no longer the dominant force in Somerville’s economy, the town continues to honor its railroad heritage. The Somerville Depot Museum, housed in the original Santa Fe Depot, offers a fascinating look at the town’s past, showcasing artifacts, photographs, and exhibits that tell the story of Somerville’s development.
Visitors to the museum can explore railroad memorabilia, vintage tools used in the rail yard, and photographs that chronicle the growth of the town. The museum is a testament to Somerville’s enduring connection to the railroad, even as the town has evolved into a destination for outdoor recreation and small-town charm.
9. Agriculture in Somerville: A Backbone of the Local Economy
While Somerville is now best known for its proximity to Lake Somerville and outdoor activities, agriculture remains an important part of the local economy. The area’s fertile land is ideal for farming and ranching, with many residents engaged in raising cattle, producing crops, and growing pecans.
Local farmers markets and agricultural events continue to be a staple of community life in Somerville. The Somerville FFA Show and Sale, for example, showcases the next generation of farmers as they present their livestock and compete in various agricultural categories. The importance of agriculture to Somerville’s identity is evident in the pride residents take in their farming traditions and the strong sense of community that surrounds it.
10. Somerville Today: A Blend of History and Nature
Today, Somerville is a town that successfully blends its railroad history with its modern identity as a gateway to outdoor recreation. While it no longer serves as the bustling rail hub it once was, the town retains a quiet charm that appeals to both residents and visitors alike.
The presence of Lake Somerville has brought new life to the area, transforming it into a destination for nature lovers, while its railroad past is preserved through local museums and community pride. Somerville’s combination of history, small-town values, and access to outdoor activities makes it a special place to visit or call home.
Conclusion: Somerville’s Journey from Railroad Hub to Outdoor Destination
The history of Somerville, Texas, is one of resilience, transformation, and community spirit. From its early days as a railroad town to its modern status as a gateway to Lake Somerville, the town has navigated economic changes and embraced new opportunities for growth. Today, Somerville balances its historic roots with its role as a hub for outdoor recreation, offering something for both history buffs and nature lovers alike.
Whether you’re visiting for a weekend of boating on Lake Somerville or exploring the town’s railroad heritage, Somerville offers a unique glimpse into the history and heart of Texas. The town’s journey from rail yard to recreational haven is a testament to the spirit of the people who live here—and a reminder that small towns often hold the richest stories.