History of Mission, Texas: A Journey Through Time

Located in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, Mission, Texas, is a vibrant city with a rich and diverse history. From its indigenous roots to its evolution into a modern agricultural hub, Mission has played a key role in shaping the culture, economy, and heritage of the entire region. Founded in the early 20th century, this dynamic city is not only known for its famous Texas Citrus Fiesta but also as a gateway to birding, ecotourism, and the stunning Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the history of Mission, Texas, exploring its indigenous past, Spanish influence, growth through agriculture, and its current role as a cultural and ecological hotspot. So, whether you’re a history buff, a curious traveler, or a local resident, this detailed look at Mission’s history will enrich your understanding of the city and its significance in Texas history.

Placeholder 3Placeholder 3
Placeholder 2Placeholder 2
Placeholder 1Placeholder 1
22
33
44

1. Indigenous History: The First Inhabitants of Mission

Before Spanish colonization, the land that is now Mission, Texas, was inhabited by various indigenous tribes, most notably the Coahuiltecan peoples. These tribes thrived in the fertile Rio Grande Valley, hunting, gathering, and living off the land. The Coahuiltecan people were semi-nomadic, relying on the abundant natural resources of the region for survival. They lived in small bands, traveling between the lush river valleys and coastal areas depending on the season.

  • Key Insights: Indigenous groups like the Coahuiltecan established a close relationship with the land, living sustainably in the fertile Rio Grande region. Their presence and culture deeply influenced the area long before European settlers arrived.
  • Legacy: Although many indigenous groups were displaced or assimilated due to colonization, their influence is still felt today in the cultural traditions and place names that have endured.

2. Spanish Colonization and the Founding of La Lomita Chapel

Spanish colonization dramatically altered the landscape and history of South Texas. In the late 1700s, Spanish missionaries began establishing missions across the region to convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity. La Lomita Chapel, which would later play a key role in the founding of Mission, was originally established as part of this missionary effort.

  • La Lomita Mission: The original La Lomita Mission was built in 1865 by the Oblate Fathers, who were Catholic missionaries responsible for spreading Christianity in the region. Located along the banks of the Rio Grande River, the mission served as a religious and agricultural hub. It was part of a network of missions that spanned across Texas.
  • Religious Influence: The chapel itself became a focal point for the community, serving not only as a place of worship but also as a social center for the early settlers.

3. The Birth of Mission, Texas (1908)

Although Mission had religious and agricultural roots, the city itself wasn’t officially founded until 1908. This period marked a transformative time for South Texas, as the area began to be settled by farmers and ranchers attracted by the agricultural potential of the region. The city was founded when John J. Conway and James W. Hoit purchased 17,000 acres of land, intending to develop the area into a farming community.

  • Railroad Boom: The arrival of the St. Louis, Brownsville, and Mexico Railway in the early 1900s was a major catalyst for growth. The railway not only connected Mission to major trade routes but also allowed farmers to ship their crops, particularly citrus and cotton, to other parts of the country.
  • City Development: Conway and Hoit laid out streets, established a city infrastructure, and advertised Mission as an agricultural paradise. Their efforts drew settlers from other parts of Texas and beyond, making Mission a thriving community.

4. The Rise of the Citrus Industry

One of the most significant chapters in Mission’s history is its transformation into a major citrus-producing region. The fertile soils and subtropical climate of the Rio Grande Valley made it ideal for growing citrus fruits, particularly oranges and grapefruits. In fact, Mission is widely recognized as the “Home of the Ruby Red Grapefruit.”

  • Agricultural Boom: In the early 20th century, citrus groves began to flourish across the region. By the 1920s and 1930s, the citrus industry had become a key economic driver, bringing wealth and prosperity to the area.
  • Ruby Red Grapefruit: Discovered in Mission in the 1920s, the Ruby Red grapefruit became a symbol of the city’s agricultural success. Its distinctive color and sweet flavor made it highly popular, and Mission quickly became known for producing some of the best grapefruit in the world.
  • Legacy: Today, the city continues to celebrate its citrus heritage with the Texas Citrus Fiesta, an annual event that draws thousands of visitors to honor the region’s citrus farming traditions.

5. The Texas Citrus Fiesta: A Celebration of Agriculture

The Texas Citrus Fiesta is one of the most significant events in Mission’s history and continues to be a major draw for visitors each year. First held in 1932, the Fiesta celebrates the region’s agricultural success, particularly its citrus industry, with parades, pageants, and citrus-themed floats.

  • What to Expect: The Fiesta includes a variety of events such as the Parade of Oranges, the Product Costume Show (where costumes are made entirely from fruits, vegetables, and local products), and the crowning of Queen Citrianna.
  • Cultural Impact: The Fiesta serves as a reminder of Mission’s agricultural roots and is a time when the community comes together to celebrate its history, culture, and economic achievements.
  • Legacy: The Texas Citrus Fiesta continues to be a beloved tradition, showcasing the important role that citrus farming plays in the economy and identity of Mission.

6. Mission During the Early 20th Century: Expansion and Growth

During the early 1900s, Mission experienced rapid growth as more settlers moved to the area. With the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses, the city developed a strong infrastructure that supported its expanding population. As the Great Depression hit the country in the 1930s, Mission was not immune to the economic downturn, but the resilience of the citrus industry helped the city weather the storm better than many other regions.

  • Infrastructure Development: Roads, irrigation systems, and railroads were crucial in supporting Mission’s agricultural economy. Early settlers implemented extensive irrigation projects that allowed farmers to maximize the fertile land, contributing to the region’s agricultural success.
  • Population Growth: The population steadily increased throughout the 20th century as more people moved to the area in search of farming opportunities and better living conditions.

7. Post-War Boom: Modernization and Transformation

The post-World War II period brought significant changes to Mission, Texas. As technology improved and infrastructure expanded, Mission’s economy diversified beyond agriculture. The post-war boom was characterized by increased modernization, suburban growth, and the arrival of new industries.

  • Suburban Growth: The post-war housing boom led to the development of new neighborhoods and suburban areas. As more people moved to the city, Mission transformed from a small farming town into a more urbanized community.
  • New Industries: While agriculture remained central to the local economy, other industries began to take root in Mission during this period, including manufacturing and retail.
  • Cultural Shifts: The mid-20th century also saw the rise of Winter Texans—seasonal residents from colder northern states who began flocking to the Rio Grande Valley to enjoy the warm winters. Their presence significantly contributed to the local economy and the development of recreational activities in the area.

8. Ecotourism and the World Birding Center

In more recent years, Mission has become a hub for ecotourism, thanks to its proximity to unique natural habitats and wildlife. The creation of the World Birding Center, with its headquarters at Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, has cemented Mission’s reputation as one of the top bird-watching destinations in the United States.

  • Bird-Watching Destination: The Rio Grande Valley is home to hundreds of bird species, many of which are rarely seen anywhere else in the U.S. As a result, Mission attracts birdwatchers from around the world who come to see species like the Green Jay, Altamira Oriole, and Great Kiskadee.
  • Ecotourism Growth: Ecotourism has become an important part of Mission’s economy, bringing in visitors and creating new opportunities for outdoor recreational activities like hiking, photography, and wildlife conservation.

9. Mission’s Role in U.S.-Mexico Relations

Mission’s location along the U.S.-Mexico border has played a significant role in shaping its history and culture. For centuries, the Rio Grande River has been not only a geographical boundary but also a meeting point for two cultures. Today, Mission remains closely tied to Mexico, with cross-border trade, cultural exchanges, and family ties playing a key role in the community.

  • Trade and Commerce: Mission is part of the McAllen-Edinburg-Mission Metropolitan Area, a major hub for cross-border trade between the United States and Mexico. The local economy benefits from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which has facilitated trade and business opportunities between the two nations.
  • Cultural Exchange: Mission’s close proximity to Mexico fosters a rich cultural exchange, and the city celebrates this through events, festivals, and its diverse community. Spanish is commonly spoken, and many local traditions have deep Mexican roots.

10. Modern-Day Mission: A City of Growth and Diversity

Today, Mission is a thriving city with a population of over 85,000 residents, and it continues to grow. While agriculture, particularly citrus farming, remains an important part of the economy, Mission has diversified into healthcare, education, and retail sectors. The city has become a desirable place to live due to its affordable cost of living, family-friendly atmosphere, and rich cultural heritage.

  • Economic Development: Mission’s economy has expanded beyond agriculture, with growth in healthcare, retail, and educational services. Mission Regional Medical Center and local school districts are major employers, and the city’s proximity to McAllen provides residents with easy access to more job opportunities.
  • Educational Growth: Mission is home to Sharyland Independent School District and Mission Consolidated Independent School District, both known for providing quality education to the community’s youth. The city’s focus on education is reflected in its growing population of young families.
  • Cultural Richness: Mission continues to celebrate its cultural diversity through events like the Texas Citrus Fiesta, the Winter Texan Expo, and various Mexican heritage celebrations. The blending of cultures creates a unique and welcoming atmosphere in the city.

Conclusion: The Ever-Evolving History of Mission, Texas

From its humble beginnings as a missionary outpost to its modern-day status as a thriving community, Mission, Texas, is a city with a rich and varied history. Its roots in agriculture, particularly citrus farming, have shaped its identity and continue to be celebrated through events like the Texas Citrus Fiesta. Meanwhile, its transformation into a hub for ecotourism and its role in U.S.-Mexico relations show that Mission’s history is ever-evolving.

Today, Mission offers a blend of history, culture, and modern amenities, making it a dynamic place to live, work, and visit. Whether you’re exploring its past through historic landmarks like La Lomita Chapel or enjoying its natural beauty at Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, the story of Mission is one of growth, resilience, and community spirit. As the city continues to expand and welcome new generations, it remains a testament to the rich tapestry of cultures and histories that have shaped this corner of Texas.