History of Lufkin, Texas: From Humble Beginnings to a Thriving East Texas Community
Lufkin, Texas, a small yet thriving city located in Angelina County, is a place with deep roots in the East Texas Pineywoods region. With a history that stretches back over a century, Lufkin has grown from a modest railway town to a key regional hub for industry, commerce, and culture. Known for its friendly community, rich natural resources, and significant contributions to the timber and oil industries, Lufkin has a fascinating history that shapes its character today.
In this detailed exploration of the history of Lufkin, Texas, we’ll take a journey through the town’s origins, the industries that have driven its growth, and the pivotal moments that have defined its identity. Whether you’re a local, a history buff, or someone just interested in learning more about this vibrant East Texas town, this comprehensive guide offers everything you need to know about Lufkin’s past.
1. The Founding of Lufkin: A Railway Town is Born
Lufkin was officially founded in 1882 as a stop along the Houston, East and West Texas Railway (HE&WT). The establishment of this railway line was crucial to the development of East Texas towns, as it connected rural areas to major cities like Houston.
The Name “Lufkin”
Lufkin is named after Abner Lufkin, a former city councilman from Galveston, Texas, and a close friend of Paul Bremond, the president of the Houston, East and West Texas Railway. Although there are few documented facts about Abner Lufkin himself, his legacy lives on through the town that adopted his name.
The arrival of the railway was a game-changer for the region, as it spurred economic activity by providing easier access for the transportation of goods, particularly timber, which would later become a cornerstone of Lufkin’s economy.
2. Early Growth and Development (Late 1800s – Early 1900s)
In its early years, Lufkin grew slowly but steadily, with the timber industry leading the way. As forests covered much of East Texas, logging became the primary industry, attracting workers and families to the area. The plentiful supply of pine and hardwood forests in the region led to the establishment of sawmills, which became the lifeblood of the town’s economy.
Key Industries
- Lumber Mills: By the late 1800s and early 1900s, several sawmills had been established in and around Lufkin. These mills processed lumber for railroads, homes, and businesses, contributing to the region’s rapid development.
- Agriculture: While timber was dominant, Lufkin’s early economy also benefited from agriculture. Crops like cotton, corn, and vegetables were grown in the fertile soil surrounding the town, providing food for locals and goods for trade.
Lufkin’s growth during this period was modest, but its infrastructure began to take shape. As more settlers arrived, schools, churches, and businesses were built, setting the foundation for the town’s future.
3. The Boom of the Timber Industry
The timber industry in Lufkin exploded in the early 20th century, firmly establishing the town as a key player in the East Texas economy. Timber was in high demand as the country expanded westward, and Lufkin was ideally situated with its access to vast forests and the railway.
The Role of Southern Pine Lumber Company
One of the pivotal players in Lufkin’s timber industry was the Southern Pine Lumber Company, established in 1893. This company became one of the largest and most influential in the region, employing hundreds of local workers and producing millions of board feet of lumber annually.
- Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company: In 1902, the Lufkin Foundry was established, another significant contributor to the town’s economy. This company, later known as Lufkin Industries, originally focused on manufacturing equipment for the timber and oil industries. It would later become a global leader in the production of oilfield equipment, further diversifying Lufkin’s industrial base.
With these industries thriving, the town’s population grew, and its economic base strengthened, leading to improved infrastructure and services.
4. The Impact of the Oil Boom
The discovery of oil in Texas in the early 20th century brought about enormous changes, not just for Lufkin, but for the entire state. While the East Texas Oil Boom began in the 1930s, Lufkin’s connection to the oil industry came earlier through its manufacturing sector.
Lufkin Industries and Oilfield Equipment
The Lufkin Foundry and Machine Company (now Lufkin Industries) played a critical role in the development of the oil industry by producing oilfield pumping units, which became essential for the extraction of oil from underground reserves. These pumping units, often referred to as “nodding donkeys” or “pumpjacks,” became iconic symbols of the Texas oil fields and are still produced today.
- Diversification: As oil production grew in the state, Lufkin became more than just a timber town. The manufacturing of oilfield equipment provided jobs, investment, and infrastructure development, helping to solidify Lufkin’s place as an industrial hub in East Texas.
5. The Role of Lufkin in World War II
During World War II, Lufkin, like many small towns across the U.S., saw its economy shift as it contributed to the war effort. Lufkin Industries expanded its operations to produce materials needed for the war, including military equipment and machinery.
- War Manufacturing: Factories in Lufkin were repurposed to support the war, with the town’s manufacturing base playing a critical role in supplying the U.S. military. Many men from Lufkin also enlisted in the military, and the town’s residents supported the war effort through various civic activities.
Lufkin’s involvement in the war effort helped to modernize its industries and laid the groundwork for post-war prosperity.
6. Post-War Growth and Development (1950s-1970s)
After World War II, Lufkin entered a period of significant growth and development. With the timber and oil industries continuing to thrive, the town expanded its infrastructure, built new schools, and developed community resources.
Economic Diversification
- Education: In 1966, Angelina College was established, providing higher education opportunities for local students and further contributing to the area’s economic development. The college has grown into a well-respected institution, offering a variety of academic programs and workforce training.
- Healthcare: Lufkin’s CHI St. Luke’s Health Memorial Hospital, established in 1949, became the leading healthcare provider in the region. The hospital has expanded over the decades and is now a regional medical center, drawing patients from across East Texas.
This era also saw the rise of new businesses, shopping centers, and residential developments, helping Lufkin transition from a small town to a more urbanized area.
7. Civil Rights and Social Changes in Lufkin
Like many Southern towns, Lufkin experienced significant social and political changes during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Although progress was slow, efforts to desegregate schools, public spaces, and businesses took hold in Lufkin, as it did across much of East Texas.
- Desegregation of Schools: The Lufkin Independent School District (LISD) began the process of desegregating its schools in the late 1960s, following the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling. This was a pivotal moment in Lufkin’s social history, as it mirrored the broader changes happening across the country.
While the Civil Rights Movement brought about significant change, the close-knit community of Lufkin continued to work toward creating a more inclusive environment for all its residents.
8. Modern Industry and Economic Development (1980s – Present)
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Lufkin continued to develop as a regional hub for manufacturing, healthcare, education, and retail. Although the timber and oil industries still play an important role in the local economy, Lufkin has diversified significantly in recent decades.
Lufkin Industries and Manufacturing
- Lufkin Industries continued to be a major employer in the city, producing oilfield equipment and machinery for global markets. In 2013, the company was purchased by General Electric (GE), which further expanded its manufacturing capabilities.
Retail and Commerce
The opening of shopping centers like the Lufkin Mall in the 1980s marked a shift toward retail as a significant sector in the local economy. Downtown Lufkin has also remained a focal point for small businesses and cultural events, contributing to the town’s vibrant community life.
9. Lufkin Today: A Modern City with Deep Roots
Today, Lufkin is a modern, thriving city that still honors its historical roots. With a population of around 35,000, Lufkin is the largest city in Angelina County and serves as a regional hub for commerce, healthcare, and education.
- Cultural Events: The city hosts numerous annual events, including the Texas State Forest Festival, the Angelina Benefit Rodeo, and the Lufkin Downtown Hoedown, all of which celebrate Lufkin’s rich cultural heritage.
- Outdoor Attractions: Lufkin’s proximity to Davy Crockett National Forest, Sam Rayburn Reservoir, and the Ellen Trout Zoo makes it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.
10. Lufkin’s Vision for the Future
As Lufkin looks to the future, it continues to focus on economic diversification, community development, and preserving its natural and cultural resources. New industries such as technology, education, and renewable energy are being explored, while the city remains committed to maintaining its small-town charm.
Continued Growth
- Education: The growth of Angelina College and partnerships with local schools ensure that Lufkin’s young people are prepared for future opportunities.
- Healthcare: The continued expansion of CHI St. Luke’s Health Memorial Hospital strengthens Lufkin’s role as a healthcare center for East Texas.
As Lufkin continues to grow and evolve, its residents are committed to balancing progress with preserving the rich history and close-knit community that have always defined the city.
Conclusion: A City Rooted in Tradition, Growing for the Future
The history of Lufkin, Texas, is one of growth, resilience, and community spirit. From its humble beginnings as a small railway town to its development as a major hub for the timber, oil, and manufacturing industries, Lufkin’s story is intertwined with the industries and people that built East Texas. As the city continues to grow and evolve, it remains dedicated to honoring its past while forging a bright future.
Whether you’re visiting Lufkin for its history, exploring its natural beauty, or considering making it your home, you’ll find that the city’s rich heritage and modern developments make it a unique and thriving community.