History of Commerce, Texas: A Rich Heritage in the Heart of Northeast Texas
Learn about the fascinating history of Commerce Texas, from its early days to its development into a vibrant community.
The Early Days: Settlement in the Blackland Prairie
The area now called Commerce sits within Texas’s Blackland Prairie, a region known for its fertile soil and open landscapes. Before settlers arrived, Caddo people inhabited the area, thriving on agriculture and trade.
By the mid-19th century, European-American settlers were drawn to the region by its farming potential. Families began claiming land for cotton, corn, and cattle, establishing the roots of what would become the Commerce community.
Founding of Commerce: A Trading Center is Born
The name Commerce reflects the original purpose of the town. In the 1870s, a man named William Jernigin opened a store near what is now downtown, creating a natural gathering point for nearby farmers and ranchers. Other businesses quickly sprang up around Jernigin’s store, and soon a small but busy trading hub emerged.
In 1873, the town was officially founded, and it earned the name “Commerce” to honor its role as a commercial center in the region.
The Arrival of the Railroad: Connecting Commerce to the World
One of the defining moments in Commerce’s history came in 1887, when the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railroad (Katy) extended its line through the town. The railroad transformed Commerce from a remote farming settlement into a connected, thriving city.
With better access to markets, local farmers could ship their cotton and other products more efficiently, and the town began attracting new residents, merchants, and industries. Hotels, restaurants, and stores popped up to serve travelers and traders coming through the depot.
The Growth of Education: East Texas Normal College
Perhaps the most significant development in Commerce’s history came with the establishment of East Texas Normal College in 1894. Founded by William Leonidas Mayo, the college’s mission was to train teachers for rural schools in East Texas.
Mayo’s motto, “Ceaseless Industry, Fearless Investigation, Unfettered Thought, and Unselfish Service to Others,” became central to the identity of the college and the city itself.
Originally housed in a single building, the school attracted students from across the state. In 1917, it became part of the Texas state university system and was renamed East Texas State Normal College.
Commerce in the 20th Century: Challenges and Progress
Like many Texas towns, Commerce endured its share of challenges in the early 20th century. Fires, economic downturns, and the Great Depression all tested the town’s resilience. But thanks to the university, the railroad, and its determined citizens, Commerce continued to grow.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Commerce became a cultural center for the area. It hosted fairs, sporting events, and performances that drew visitors from surrounding counties. Cotton remained a mainstay of the economy, and downtown Commerce thrived with shops, banks, and theaters.
The Impact of World War II and Postwar Boom
World War II brought further changes to Commerce. Many young men from the area served overseas, while women stepped into key roles at home. The postwar years saw a boom in population and infrastructure. Veterans returned to Commerce, and the GI Bill increased enrollment at East Texas State Teachers College (another new name for the university).
New neighborhoods were built, businesses expanded, and the university grew both in size and reputation.
East Texas State University: A Beacon of Education
By the 1960s, the school had become East Texas State University (ETSU). The university not only educated thousands of Texans but also provided employment and cultural enrichment to the town. With programs in education, business, and the arts, ETSU gained recognition as a leader in teacher education and regional development.
The university hosted famous speakers, athletic events, and concerts that kept Commerce vibrant and connected to broader national trends.
Commerce Today: Texas A&M University-Commerce and Beyond
In 1996, ETSU joined the Texas A&M University System and was renamed Texas A&M University-Commerce (TAMUC). Today, the university remains central to life in Commerce, attracting students from around the world and maintaining its commitment to excellence.
With over 12,000 students, TAMUC fuels the local economy and infuses the town with energy, diversity, and opportunity.
Downtown Commerce: A Blend of Old and New
Walking through downtown Commerce today, you’ll see the historic buildings that echo its past, many of which have been lovingly restored. Boutique shops, cafes, and art spaces now occupy spaces once filled with hardware stores and cotton offices. The city has made deliberate efforts to preserve its history while fostering a fresh, modern feel.
Annual Events that Celebrate History and Community
Commerce honors its heritage through several annual events that bring the community together. The Bois d’Arc Bash, held each September, is the town’s biggest celebration, named after the native bois d’arc tree. It features a parade, live music, and family-friendly activities that pay homage to the town’s unique history.
Other events, like the Juneteenth Celebration, Fourth of July Parade, and university homecoming festivities, help keep Commerce’s traditions alive year after year.
Notable Figures in Commerce’s History
Throughout its history, Commerce has been home to remarkable individuals who shaped the city and beyond.
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William Leonidas Mayo, the visionary founder of the university.
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Educators, civic leaders, and business owners who built the infrastructure of the community.
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Artists, writers, and musicians who contributed to the cultural richness of the region.
These figures remind us of the city’s enduring commitment to progress and excellence.
Preserving History: Museums and Landmarks
Commerce takes pride in preserving its past through museums, archives, and landmarks. Visitors can explore the university archives, local historical markers, and restored downtown buildings to get a sense of what life was like over the decades.
Guided tours and informational plaques help tell the story of the city’s journey from prairie to thriving educational center.
Why the History of Commerce Matters Today
The history of Commerce is not just a collection of dates and facts—it’s a living story that shapes the present and inspires the future. From its roots as a small trading post to its role as a regional hub for education and culture, Commerce embodies the values of hard work, community, and vision.
Conclusion: Commerce’s Past Shapes Its Promising Future
The city of Commerce, Texas, has come a long way since its humble beginnings. It has weathered challenges, celebrated victories, and grown into a town that blends historical charm with modern vitality.
Today, the legacy of William Mayo, the perseverance of its citizens, and the energy of Texas A&M University-Commerce continue to guide the city forward. As you walk through its streets or attend a local event, you’re not just experiencing a small Texas town—you’re participating in a rich, ongoing story of resilience and pride.
So next time you visit Commerce, take a moment to look around. The history is in the bricks, the trees, the people, and the traditions. And that history continues to make Commerce a truly special place to live, work, and visit.
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